/* Local system typography. No font, image, analytics or CDN requests. */
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*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:30px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.8;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:5px}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,textarea,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a,button{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}h1,h2,h3,p{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;text-wrap:pretty}h1{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(34px,4.6vw,62px);letter-spacing:.01em}h2{font-size:26px}h3{font-size:21px}p{color:var(--muted)}main{min-height:60vh}main:focus{outline:none}.container,.section,.observer-hero,.research-layout,.community-hero,.community-values,.relationship-strip{max-width:var(--max);margin-inline:auto}.container{padding-block:40px 80px}.container .section{padding-inline:0}.narrow{max-width:860px}.eyebrow{font:600 11px/1.7 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.16em;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:20px}.lead{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;max-width:620px;margin-top:24px}.preview-note{font-size:11px;text-align:center;letter-spacing:.12em;padding:5px;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.header-inner{max-width:var(--max);margin:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;padding:25px 0}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:26px;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3}.brand small{display:block;font:9px/1.8 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.16em;margin-top:7px}.brand-mark{font-size:34px;color:var(--accent);font-family:Georgia,serif}.desktop-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:27px;font-size:13px}.desktop-nav a{text-decoration:none}.search-link{padding-left:25px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.mobile-menu{display:none}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:20px;background:var(--ink);color:white;z-index:20;padding:12px}.skip-link:focus{top:10px}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:28px;padding:14px 23px;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--accent);text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6}.button:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ink)}.text-link{font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600}.hero-actions{display:flex;gap:28px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}.section{padding-block:48px}.section-heading{display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-top:22px;margin-bottom:28px}.section-heading h2{font-size:23px}.section-heading>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:30px}.article-card{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:25px 0 15px}.card-top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:16px}.category-label{color:var(--accent);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em}.issue-number{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;color:var(--muted)}.article-card h3,.article-card h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.65;margin-bottom:14px}.article-card h3 a,.article-card h2 a{text-decoration:none}.article-card p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.95;margin-bottom:26px}.card-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:15px;margin-top:auto}.card-bottom>span:last-child{font-size:22px;color:var(--accent)}.tinted{padding:35px;background:var(--soft);margin-block:25px 35px}.column-directory{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:30px}.column-directory>a{display:flex;gap:16px;text-decoration:none;padding:15px 0}.column-directory h3{font-size:19px;margin-bottom:8px}.column-directory p{font-size:13px}.directory-index{font:italic 25px Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent);padding-top:5px}.column-directory>a>span:last-child{margin-left:auto}.relationship-strip{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px 0 50px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:40px;justify-content:space-between}.relationship-strip .eyebrow{margin-bottom:6px}.relationship-strip p{font-size:13px;max-width:760px}.relationship-strip>a{font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap}.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:50px max(30px,calc((100vw - var(--max))/2)) 25px}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:60px}.footer-brand{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:27px;text-decoration:none}.footer-grid p{max-width:440px;font-size:13px;color:#d3d8cd;margin-top:15px}.footer-grid nav{display:flex;gap:12px 30px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:start;justify-content:end}.footer-grid nav a{font-size:13px;color:#e8e9df;text-decoration:none}.footer-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:45px;border-top:1px solid #566052;padding-top:20px;font-size:11px;color:#d3d8cd}.footer-bottom a{color:inherit}.page-intro{padding:25px 0 45px}.page-intro h1{max-width:900px;font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,48px)}.page-intro .lead{max-width:800px}.source-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:25px}.source-item{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:28px;border:1px solid var(--line)}.source-item h2{font-size:22px;margin-block:15px}.source-item p{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:18px}.prose{font-size:16px;line-height:2.05}.prose p{margin:16px 0;color:var(--ink)}.prose h2{font-size:25px;margin:40px 0 14px}.prose h3{margin-top:25px}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:24px}.prose li{margin:9px 0}.prose blockquote{margin:20px 0;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);padding:16px 24px;background:var(--soft)}.standalone{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 40px}.standalone>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.breadcrumb{display:flex;gap:12px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:30px}.breadcrumb a{text-decoration:none}.article-header{max-width:960px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:36px;margin-bottom:40px}.article-header h1{font-size:clamp(32px,3.8vw,49px)}.article-header .lead{max-width:800px}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px 20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:26px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.byline a{color:var(--ink)}.author-badge{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--soft);color:var(--accent)}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:240px minmax(0,740px);gap:60px}.article-toc{position:sticky;top:30px;align-self:start;border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:20px}.article-toc a{display:block;font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);margin:15px 0}.article-toc a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.evidence-note{background:var(--soft);padding:22px 26px;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);font-size:14px}.evidence-note p{margin:8px 0 0;line-height:1.95}.source-box{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:40px}.source-box li>span{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}.corrections{font-size:14px}.corrections h2{font-size:20px}.related-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));max-width:920px}.empty-state{padding:40px;border:1px dashed var(--line);display:flex;align-items:start;gap:25px}.empty-state h2,.empty-state h3{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:15px}.empty-state p{font-size:14px;max-width:700px;margin-bottom:18px}.empty-symbol{font-size:44px;color:var(--accent)}.search-form{display:flex;gap:12px;max-width:760px}.search-form input{flex:1;min-width:0}.search-status{margin:25px 0;font-size:14px}input,textarea,select{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:0;background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);padding:12px 14px;width:100%}input::placeholder,textarea::placeholder{color:#686f68;font-size:14px}textarea{resize:vertical}.worksheet{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:22px;margin:30px 0}.worksheet label{font-size:14px}.worksheet input,.worksheet select,.worksheet textarea{display:block;margin-top:8px}.worksheet .full{grid-column:1/-1}.check-row{display:flex;align-items:start;gap:12px}.check-row input{width:19px;height:19px;flex-shrink:0;accent-color:var(--accent);margin-top:5px}.form-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap}.form-actions p{font-size:13px}.notice{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 24px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;margin-block:24px}
/* Observer: an archival newspaper, red-orange ink on uncoated paper. */
.edition-line{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 0;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--muted)}.observer-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;gap:60px;align-items:center;padding:65px 0 45px}.observer-hero .lead{max-width:440px;margin-bottom:30px}.observer-hero h1{font-size:clamp(46px,5.1vw,70px);line-height:1.45}.archive-art{height:390px;background:#dedfce;position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:grid;place-items:center}.archive-paper{position:relative;width:235px;height:292px;padding:25px;background:#f9f7ef;box-shadow:12px 16px 0 #b6b8a771;transform:rotate(-7deg);z-index:1}.archive-paper>span{font:9px var(--sans);letter-spacing:.18em;color:var(--accent)}.archive-paper strong{display:block;font:48px/1.25 var(--serif);letter-spacing:.12em;margin-top:20px}.paper-rule{height:1px;background:var(--accent);margin:20px 0 15px}.archive-paper small{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.orbit{position:absolute;width:360px;height:360px;border:1px solid #9caa96;border-radius:50%}.orbit-one{left:-120px;top:-100px}.orbit-two{right:-90px;bottom:-160px;width:420px;height:420px}.archive-cross{position:absolute;right:40px;top:30px;font:50px Georgia;color:var(--accent)}.archive-caption{position:absolute;bottom:15px;left:25px;font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.2em;color:#4e5b49}.theme-observer .article-card+.article-card{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:30px}
/* Research: a practical handbook, strong green and a persistent contents rail. */
.theme-research{--paper:#f6f8f3;--ink:#173d33;--muted:#51665d;--accent:#24694b;--line:#cdd8ce;--soft:#e6eee3;--white:#fff;--serif:"PingFang TC","Microsoft JhengHei",system-ui,sans-serif}.theme-research .brand{font-weight:700}.theme-research h1{font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.025em}.research-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:185px minmax(0,1fr);gap:45px}.guide-sidebar{padding-top:50px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding-right:25px}.guide-sidebar>a{display:block;padding:11px 0;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px}.guide-sidebar p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.guide-sidebar hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:26px 0}.research-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr .85fr;gap:25px;padding:60px 0 25px;align-items:center}.research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(34px,3.7vw,50px);line-height:1.5}.research-hero .lead{font-size:15px}.hero-search{display:flex;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--accent);margin-top:28px;padding:5px;gap:5px}.hero-search input{border:0;font-size:13px;padding:10px;min-width:0}.hero-search button{background:var(--accent);color:white;border:0;padding:8px 14px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.quick-topics{font-size:11px;display:flex;gap:15px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:14px}.quick-topics>span{color:var(--muted)}.guide-art{padding:20px 0 20px 14px}.guide-tab{font-size:8px;background:#c3d9ab;padding:9px 18px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-left:10px}.guide-sheet{position:relative;background:#dce8cf;border-left:4px solid #abc095;padding:30px 25px;box-shadow:7px 6px 0 #bacbaa}.guide-sheet .eyebrow{font-size:9px}.guide-sheet h2{font-size:28px;line-height:1.6}.guide-sheet ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:24px 0 0;font-size:12px}.guide-sheet li{border-top:1px solid #b4c5a5;padding:10px 0}.guide-sheet li span{margin-right:12px;font-size:10px;opacity:.7}.guide-star{position:absolute;right:20px;top:22px;font-size:34px;color:#426d42}.guide-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.guide-list .article-card{padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 110px;gap:0 25px}.guide-list .card-top{grid-column:1/-1}.guide-list .article-card h3{font-size:22px;grid-column:1}.guide-list .article-card p{grid-column:1;margin-bottom:10px}.guide-list .card-bottom{grid-column:2;grid-row:2/4;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;text-align:right;border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.theme-research .relationship-strip{margin-top:30px}.theme-research .article-toc{border-left:3px solid var(--accent)}
/* Community: a warm small journal, with clearly marked prompt notes. */
.theme-community{--paper:#fcf8f0;--ink:#383a34;--muted:#6a6b5e;--accent:#8c4434;--line:#dad5c7;--soft:#f0eadb;--white:#fffdfa}.community-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:55px;align-items:center;padding:70px 0 55px}.community-hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.6vw,62px)}.community-hero .lead{max-width:470px;font-size:16px}.notes-art{position:relative;min-height:350px}.note{position:absolute;width:300px;height:210px;padding:25px 28px;box-shadow:0 7px 20px #34352f12}.note>span{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em}.note p{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:22px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink);margin-top:24px}.note small{font-size:10px;display:block;margin-top:15px;color:var(--muted)}.note-one{left:0;top:10px;transform:rotate(-7deg);background:#e3e6d5}.note-two{right:0;top:140px;transform:rotate(5deg);background:#f1dfc4}.note-stamp{position:absolute;top:5px;right:2px;border:2px solid var(--accent);border-radius:50%;width:87px;height:87px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;font:600 13px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--accent);transform:rotate(14deg);background:var(--paper)}.community-values{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:23px 0}.community-values p{font-size:12px;text-align:center}.community-values strong{color:var(--ink);font-size:14px;margin-right:18px}.community-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.theme-community .article-card{background:var(--white);padding:25px 28px;border:1px solid var(--line)}.theme-community .article-card h3{font-family:var(--serif)}.theme-community .empty-state{border:0;padding:18px 0 10px}.theme-community .section-heading{border-top-color:var(--line)}.theme-community .tinted{border-radius:3px}.theme-community .button{border-radius:3px}.theme-community .brand-mark{font-size:40px}
@media(min-width:1450px){:root{--max:1280px}.observer-hero-grid{padding-block:75px 50px}.archive-art{height:410px}}
@media(max-width:1320px){.header-inner,.container,.section,.observer-hero,.research-layout,.community-hero,.community-values,.relationship-strip{margin-inline:30px}.container .section,.research-layout .section{margin-inline:0}.tinted{padding:30px}.desktop-nav{gap:20px}.research-layout{gap:30px;grid-template-columns:165px minmax(0,1fr)}}
@media(max-width:1000px){.desktop-nav{gap:16px;font-size:12px}.brand{font-size:23px}.research-layout{display:block}.guide-sidebar{display:none}.community-hero{gap:25px}.note{width:260px}.community-values strong{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:185px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.observer-hero-grid{gap:35px}.archive-art{height:350px}.column-directory{gap:18px}.column-directory>a{gap:10px}.column-directory h3{font-size:17px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.header-inner,.container,.section,.observer-hero,.research-layout,.community-hero,.community-values,.relationship-strip{margin-inline:20px}.header-inner{padding:20px 0;gap:15px}.brand{font-size:23px}.brand small{font-size:8px}.brand-mark{font-size:29px}.desktop-nav{display:none}.mobile-menu{display:block;position:relative}.mobile-menu summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;padding:12px 0 12px 15px}.mobile-menu summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mobile-menu nav{position:absolute;right:0;top:45px;width:230px;background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 22px;z-index:10;box-shadow:0 8px 20px #00000014}.mobile-menu nav a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:11px 0;font-size:14px}.observer-hero-grid,.community-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;padding-block:35px 20px}.observer-hero h1,.community-hero h1{font-size:44px}.observer-hero .lead{max-width:none;font-size:16px;margin-top:18px}.eyebrow{margin-bottom:15px}.edition-line{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.03em}.archive-art{height:300px}.archive-paper{height:245px;width:205px;padding:20px}.archive-paper strong{font-size:40px;margin-top:15px}.paper-rule{margin:15px 0 10px}.archive-cross{right:30px}.archive-caption{font-size:7px}.section{padding-block:30px}.section-heading{padding-top:18px;margin-bottom:20px;gap:10px;align-items:start}.section-heading h2{font-size:22px}.section-heading>span{font-size:11px;max-width:135px;text-align:right;padding-top:7px}.article-grid,.column-directory,.source-list{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.article-card{padding-block:20px}.article-card h3,.article-card h2{font-size:22px}.theme-observer .article-card+.article-card{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:0}.column-directory>a{padding:18px 0;gap:18px}.column-directory>a+a{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.column-directory h3{font-size:20px}.tinted{padding:25px 22px;margin-block:20px}.relationship-strip{display:block;padding:30px 0}.relationship-strip>a{display:inline-block;margin-top:18px}.site-footer{padding:35px 20px 25px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.footer-grid nav{justify-content:start;gap:10px 22px}.footer-bottom{margin-top:30px;gap:12px;flex-direction:column}.container{padding-block:25px 50px}.page-intro{padding:15px 0 35px}.page-intro h1{font-size:34px}.page-intro .lead{font-size:16px;margin-top:20px}.article-header h1{font-size:32px}.article-header .lead{font-size:16px}.article-header{padding-bottom:25px;margin-bottom:25px}.byline{gap:8px 14px}.article-layout{display:block}.article-toc{position:static;margin-bottom:30px;padding-block:6px}.article-toc a{margin:8px 0}.article-toc .eyebrow{margin-bottom:10px}.prose h2{font-size:23px;margin-top:32px}.prose{font-size:16px}.evidence-note{padding:18px 20px}.empty-state{padding:24px;gap:15px}.empty-state h3{font-size:20px}.worksheet{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}.search-form{gap:8px}.search-form .button{padding-inline:18px}.source-item{padding:23px}.research-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding-top:35px}.research-hero h1{font-size:40px}.guide-art{max-width:350px;width:100%;margin:15px auto 0;padding-left:0}.guide-sheet{padding:24px}.guide-sheet h2{font-size:27px}.guide-sheet ol{margin-top:20px}.research-hero .lead{font-size:16px}.guide-list .article-card{display:flex}.guide-list .card-bottom{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:15px;margin-top:12px}.hero-search button{padding-inline:12px}.community-hero .lead{max-width:none}.notes-art{min-height:330px;max-width:390px;width:100%;margin:auto}.note{width:250px;height:195px;padding:20px}.note p{font-size:21px}.note-two{top:130px}.note-stamp{width:73px;height:73px;font-size:11px;right:0;top:0}.community-values{padding:18px 0}.community-values strong{font-size:12px}.community-values p{font-size:10px}.community-grid{gap:18px}.theme-community .article-card{padding:22px}.empty-symbol{font-size:30px}.hero-actions{gap:20px}.button{padding:13px 20px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
@media print{.site-header,.site-footer,.preview-note,.article-toc,.hero-actions,.skip-link{display:none}.container{margin:0}.article-layout{display:block}.prose{max-width:none}body{background:#fff;color:#000}}

/* Publication identity: shared SVG lockup, with a compact mobile size. */
.brand-logo{display:block;width:280px;height:auto;max-width:100%}
@media(max-width:760px){.brand-logo{width:224px}.brand{min-width:0;flex-shrink:1}.mobile-menu{flex-shrink:0}}